Events Archive

Dec
11
2014
Galaxy clusters: laboratories for extreme plasma physics
Galaxy clusters are the most massive virialized objects in the universe, and have the potential to be highly accurate probes of cosmological parameters. A fundamental challenge for cluster cosmology is to estimate the masses of these objects using observational proxies such as X-ray luminosity and temperature, which are complicated by the merger history of clusters and the microphysical properties of the intracluster medium. These effects, while frustrating to cosmologists, provide a rich laboratory for exploring the plasma physical processes that are occurring in these massive objects. In this talk I will...
Dec
05
2014
CRA Distinguished Lecture: Putting the Universe on a Computer
Take a break from studying and come listen to Prof. Yoshida describe the history of the universe over 13 billion years since the Big Bang. He will use the visual results from recent state-of-the-art computer simulations that aid our understanding on how astronomical objects such as stars, galaxies, and black holes form in an expanding universe. He will explore prospects for future high-performance computing using exascale computers.
Dec
03
2014
How Millions Become One - The Biological Principles of Swarm Intelligence
Human and animal societies are exemplars of complex adaptive systems. Through multiple interactions between society members, they dynamically organize themselves and integrate information over multiple scales, both above (environmental) and below (genetic, physiological) the individual level. In the past 25 years, researchers across a range of fields including statistical physics, network theory and behavioral ecology have made enormous progress in understanding the positive and negative consequences of these multi-scale, self-organizing coordination mechanisms. I will present key concepts in...
Dec
01
2014
The Intelligent Physics Student’s Guide to Pricing and Hedging
The syntax of theoretical physics and modern finance is deceptively similar, but the semantics is very different. I present a short introduction to the principles of modern finance, and compare and contrast the field to physics.
Nov
25
2014
Mathematical Models of the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in West Africa: Principles, Predictions, and Control
The Ebola epidemic in West Africa has spurred an international response. This response has been strongly influenced by epidemiological models that predicted a devastating rise in cases without large-scale changes in behavior and intervention. In this talk, I introduce the mathematical principles underlying predictions of the rate and scope of a disease epidemic. I then explain how such principles have been applied to forecasting Ebola virus disease (EVD) dynamics and identifying the type and scale of necessary control. One control mechanism involves influencing behavior and social norms to limit post-death transmission, e.g., during burial ceremonies of...
Nov
24
2014
Molecular Biomechanics and Mechanobiology
The cell can be thought of as an organized collection of molecular machines. As such, many biomolecules can have moving parts, generate, bear and leverage forces, and convert chemical energy to mechanical work and vice versa. In this talk I will use several examples to illustrate how mechanics can regulate biology at the molecular scale.  
Nov
19
2014
Vitrification as Compared to Gelation in Amorphous Polymers
Gelation and vitrification are the most common mechanisms for a liquid-to-solid transition in amorphous materials. For both, a heterogeneous, percolating internal structure grows and reduces the mobility of internal constituents. Macroscopic rheological properties are strongly affected but appear to be very similar for gelation and vitrification. Here we propose a novel rheological test to distinguish between gelation and vitrification. The test is based on Boltzmann’s equation of linear viscoelasticity and focuses on the distribution of relaxation modes in samples near the liquid-to-...
Nov
18
2014
Distant Horizons: New Worlds in an Age of Discovery
Great voyages of exploration have always been driven in large part by an insatiable curiosity to know what is beyond the furthest horizon you can see. Five hundred years ago, the European exploration of the globe was a central feature of the expanding scientific and artistic explosion we call the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Today, we are once again witnessing an age of exploration and discovery, as we push beyond the shores of Earth, looking deep into the far reaches of space. You and I live in an age where, for the first time in...
Nov
18
2014
Polymers in strong flows: shear banding, fracture, and other strange phenomena
Entangled polymers have been thoroughly studied since the 1940s at least....or so we thought. In the last decade particle velocimetry and other imaging methods, combined with rheology, have shown that some dramatic instabilities can occur in strongly sheared well-entangled polymer melts. I will discuss how some of these new observations (such as various shear banding phenomena and `fracture') can be understood in terms of the 'Standard Model' for entangled polymers, and highlight some of the current controversies in the area.
Nov
12
2014
How to become a better cook by bringing science to the kitchen
In this talk we will bring parallels of science and cooking to the fore.  Using a wide variety of kitchen cooking techniques whose inner workings on the molecular level can be explained through chemistry and physics we hope to make the science and the food more easily understandable.  We will cover topics ranging from surface tension, diffusion processes, gelation, crystallization and viscoelasticity. The overall...

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