In 2001 James Kakalios created a Freshman Seminar class at the University of Minnesota entitled: "Everything I Know About Science I Learned from Reading Comic Books." This is a real physics class, that covers topics from Isaac Newton to the transistor, but there’s not an inclined plane or pulley in sight.  Rather, ALL the examples come from superhero comic books, and as much as possible, those cases where the superheroes get their physics right!

While physicists, engineers and materials scientists don’t typically consult comic books when selecting research topics; innovations first introduced in superhero adventures as fiction can sometimes find their way off the comic book page and into reality. As amazing as the Fantastic Four’s powers is the fact that their costumes are undamaged when the Human Torch flames on or Mr. Fantastic stretches his elastic body.  In shape memory materials, an external force or torque induces a structural change that is reversed upon warming, a feature appreciated by Mr. Fantastic. Spider-Man’s wall crawling ability has been ascribed to the same van der Waals attractive force that gecko lizards employ through the millions of microscopic hairs on their toes. Scientists have developed “gecko tape,” consisting of arrays of fibers that provide a strong enough attraction to support a modest weight. 

All this, and important topics such as: was it “the fall” or “the webbing” that killed Gwen Stacy, Spider-Man’s girlfriend in the classic Amazing Spider-Man # 121, how graphene saved Iron Man’s life and the chemical composition of Captain America’s shield, will be discussed.  Superhero comic books often get their science right more often than one would expect!

Biography:

James Kakalios is the Taylor Distinguished Professor in the University of Minnesota’s School of Physics and Astronomy.  He received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Chicago in 1985; he worked as a post-doctoral research associate at the Xerox – Palo Alto Research Center; and then in 1988, having had enough of those California winters, joined the faculty of the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Minnesota. His research interests include nanocrystalline and amorphous semiconductors, pattern formation in sandpiles and fluctuation phenomena in neurological systems.

His popular science book THE PHYSICS OF SUPERHEROES was published in 2005 in the U.S. and the U.K., and has been translated into six languages.   The SPECTACULAR SECOND EDITION was published in November 2009, followed by THE AMAZING STORY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS in 2010. His new book THE PHYSICS OF EVERYDAY THINGS: The Extraordinary Science Behind an Ordinary Day was published by Crown Books in May 2017.

EDITOR'S NOTE: This event was first posted in the Georgia Tech Campus Calendar. Check the original posting for updates.

SPEAKERS

Evelyn J. Patterson is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Vanderbilt University. Her work has appeared in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, Demography, and Social Science Research.

Starla Hairston-Blanks is the Director of Community Voices: Healthcare for the Underserved of Morehouse School of Medicine, which is dedicated to addressing health disparities, research, policy, and practice.

Xochitl Bervera is a lawyer, organizer, and movement builder. She is the Director of the Atlanta-based Racial Justice Action Center, which is home to the Solutions Not Punishment Coalition and Women on the Rise.

This event is sponsored by the Working Group on Race and Racism in Contemporary Biomedicine with the generous support of GT-FIRE, College of Sciences, and Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts.

More information: racebiomed.org

Abstract:

Liquid crystals are best known for their use in displays, but their interest extends far beyond. This phase of matter, intermediate between liquid and solid, is composed by anisotropic molecules which spontaneously align in space. When the molecules cannot achieve a perfect order, they form topological defects, “mathematical” objects which can be used as physical objects for many purposes. I show two examples of how liquid crystal defects can inspire concepts for new materials. The first example is a bistable system, obtained by confining liquid crystals in a micron-sized cubic scaffold.  The device can switch between “bright” and “dark” metastable states, thanks to the interaction of the defects with the scaffold. The second example is a self-assembled  structure of liquid crystal defects that act as micro-lenses. The structure resembles an insect’s compound eye, able to focus objects at different distances and sensitive to the polarization of light. 

In materials science, the control over the spatial arrangement of colloids in soft matter hosts implies control over a wide variety of materials properties, ranging from the system’s rheology, to its optics, to its catalytic activity. To direct particle assembly, colloids are often manipulated using external fields to steer them into well-defined structures at given locations. We have been developing alternative strategies based on fields that arise when a colloid is placed within soft matter to form an inclusion that generates a potential field in its host. Such potential fields allow particles to interact with each other. If the soft matter host is deformed in some way, the potential allows the particles to interact with the global system distortion. The concept is quite general, and applied within any medium in which distortions cost energy. We have explored these ideas in three media: curved fluid interfaces, where particles interact with the host interface via capillarity; confined nematic liquid crystals, where particles interact with the host director field via elastic interactions, and deformed lipid bilayers, where particles interact o tense membranes. These example systems have important analogies and pronounced differences which we seek to understand and exploit.

 

 

The dynamic clustering of globular particles in suspensions exhibiting competing short-range attraction and long-range repulsion such as in protein solutions has gained a lot of interest over the past years. We investigate theoretically the influence of clustering on the dynamics of globular particle dispersions [1]. To this end, we systematically explore various pair potential models by a combination of state-of-the-art analytic methods in conjunction with computer simulations where the solvent-mediated hydrodynamic interactions are likewise included. Our theoretical results show that the cluster peak (intermediate-range-order peak) is present also in the hydrodynamic function characterizing the short-time dynamics, in accord with experimental data [2]. Enhanced short-range attraction leads to a smaller self-diffusion coefficient and a larger dispersion viscosity. The behavior of the (generalized) sedimentation coefficient is more intricate, e.g. showing non-monotonic interaction strength dependence.

 [1] J. Riest and G. Nägele, Short-time dynamics in dispersions with competing short-range attraction and long-range repulsion, Soft Matter 11, 9273 (2015).

[2] Collaboration with D. Godfrin (MIT), Y. Liu (NIST) and N. Wagner (UDEL), work in progress.

 

The progress in neutrino physics over the past fifteen years has been tremendous: we have learned that neutrinos have mass and change flavor. This discovery won the 2015 Nobel Prize. I will pick out one of the threads of the story-- the measurement of flavor oscillation in neutrinos produced by cosmic ray showers in the atmosphere, and further measurements by long-baseline beam experiments. In this talk, I will present the latest results from the Super-Kamiokande and T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) long-baseline experiments, and will discuss how the next generation of high-intensity beam experiments will address some of the remaining puzzles.

 TBA

Epithelial cells are mostly quiescent when they are mature and uninjured, but they undergo collective migration during morphogenesis, cancer metastasis, and wound repair. We have recently reported (Nature Materials, Park et al, 2015) that, during differentiation, airway epithelial cells in air-liquid interface culture undergo a transition from a fluid-like, mobile “unjammed” state toward a solid-like, immobile “jammed” state. This transition toward the jammed state is substantially delayed in cells from asthmatic donors, compared with cells from normal donors. Furthermore, mature, jammed cells undergo a transition toward the unjammed state when they are subjected to compressive stress that mimics bronchoconstriction, a process that occurs during asthma exacerbations. These jamming and unjamming transitions are accompanied by unique changes in cell shape that are associated with intercellular forces.